After entering the harvest of autumn fruits, many farmers relaxed the management of pear trees, and the nutrition of pear trees could not keep up, resulting in the reduction of pear tree production in the coming year. Therefore, after pears are harvested, they must be nutritionally supplemented in time to maintain the trees so that they can obtain high quality and high yields. The contents of post-autumn management can be mainly divided into 5 items:
First, root fertilization
Fertilization in autumn is mainly to restore tree vigor, protect leaves, improve flower bud quality, and accumulate nutrients for flowering results in the coming year. For the result tree, after harvesting the fruit, the trees are fertilized for the situation of tree vigor. For the tree with multiple results and weak tree vigor, the fruit fertilizer is applied once in a timely manner, and the man-made fertilizer is mainly used, and an appropriate amount of three-element compound fertilizer is used. For the trees that have no results, or the trees that are less powerful for the trees, this time it is not necessary to apply fertilizer. The application of basal fertilizer generally accounts for 60%-70% of the annual fertilization amount, and is applied in the amount of 1 kg of fruit and 1 kg of fertilizer, and is mainly based on delayed organic fertilizer, and a small amount of quick-effect fertilizer may be added.
At the same time, combined with fertilization can also plough the field, can loosen the soil, enhance the permeability, in addition can also reduce pests and diseases. After ploughing, timely irrigation according to flooding. Through the deep fall of the orchard in autumn and winter, the pests hiding in the soil under the canopy of the tree can be turned out of the ground to allow the birds to feed or freeze. At the same time, the deep-turning can also bury the dead leaves on the ground and the pests hiding in the sub-algae underground.
Second, foliar dressing
Foliage dressing, short time, quick effect. Through the top-dressing of the leaves, the tree body can be quickly restored, the leaves can maintain a dark green color, and the photosynthetic efficiency can be increased, which is favorable for flower bud differentiation, full flower buds, and accumulation of tree nutrients. The type of foliar fertilizer is commonly used potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea 0.3% -0.5%, etc., once every 10 days, continuous 3-4 times, spray absorption in the evening, high efficiency.
Three, autumn trim
After the fruit is harvested, it is necessary to carry out toppings on the undisturbed leggy branches to eliminate the dense branches. In order to facilitate the concentration of nutrients to promote the enrichment of the results of the organization, to promote the development of flower buds and mature, but also can improve the orchard's ventilation and light transmission. Immediately after pruning, apply a "wound and anti-corrosion film" to protect the wound from healing.
IV. Pest control
After harvesting the fruit, the branches and leaves, rotten fruit and surrounding weeds shall be removed from the garden, and they shall be concentrated or burnt. Many of the pathogens and pests that harm fruit trees are overwintering in litter and weeds and become the source of diseases and pests in the second year. In addition, scraping bark can eliminate a large number of overwintering pathogens and pests that lurk in the rough skin, cracked skin, and trunk cracks of fruit trees. In winter or early spring, scrape off the old skin of the fruit tree with a spatula or sickle, and then use the “General Tree Guard†to smear on the trunk to quickly fall off the diseased skin and remove the bacteria source. Burned old skin must be burned. In production, people often neglect to continue to prevent and control pests after fruit harvesting. Chai teacher thinks this misunderstanding needs to be corrected. “The main diseases of pears in autumn include pear scab, and pear black spot. These two diseases mainly damage the leaves and directly affect the output of the following year. After harvesting, the fruit can be sprayed and controlled in time, and can be controlled by carbendazim or Bordeaux mixture. "The main insect pests are red, yellow spiders and scale insects. Red and yellow spiders can be controlled by avermectin and insects. Scale insects are mainly harmful to leaves and branches and fruit, and they are treated with 2.5% sulfamethrin and 40% good labor force 1500 times in time after fruit picking.
Fifth, thermal insulation
Frost often occurs in the fall. After the fruit trees fall, it is necessary to pay attention to heat preservation and antifreeze. The whole garden is sprayed with 100 times fluid to protect the trees against sunburn and frost damage. It also eliminates germs and pests that overwinters on trunks and protects the trees. Wintering.
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